On reflection, the mediopassive -r would be rather different from the locatives involved in progressive forms: rather than being an integral part of the relevant construction itself, it would be a sort of reinforcement of the meaning already inherent in a mediopassive verb, emphasising that the effect of the action didnt pass over to any other entity apart from the subject. Its not just Latin and Berber we have to play with here: the words also found in Greek (kattos/katta), Arabic (qitt), Syriac (qatt/qattu), not to mention Nubian, Celtic, and Germanic Plenty of space for specialists in each family to decide its origin is someone elses problem. Why isnt that true across west Africa or areas of Nilo-Saharan languages? There is an argument that the split between the familiar Afroasiatic sub-branches could have happened in Africa. I think the reason bageri, boulangerie are later formations is that the early baker/fournisseur provided the oven space and/for not only bread or cakes. Rolf Theil (2006) concurs with the exclusion of Omotic but does not otherwise address the structure of the family. This is true even between Western Oti-Volta and Buli, where pretty much every page of the dictionary shows several obvious cognates; even more so between major branches like Buli/Konni-Yom/Nawdm-WOV on the one hand and Gurma on the other. Tom Gldemann thinks that Sandawe may be distantly related to Khoe-Kwadi, and Tuu may turn out to be related to Kxa. preserve noticeable traces of Pre-Semitic and, in Mesopotamia, also of Pre-Sumerian substratum. The Kanji Site https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Bantu_language#Phonology, English wow! and Russian oho! both are very labialised (you dont need to change the shape of your lips to articulate --). Hebrew lashon reconstructs fine back to proto-Semitic though *lan (cf. Let the software count which phylogenetic hypothesis accounts for all the contradictory data in the most parsimonious way. He implies that the onus is on splitters to show that Mande, Dogon etc are not related to Volta-Congo; that would be a reasonable thing to do if there had ever been any good evidence that they were related, but there really hasnt. (But on Sua, I might want to see also the cited Segerer paper on it.). The Hague and Paris; Mouton. neighbouring populations with parallel development (diffusion is possible). The three best trees we could find were all very bad, all about equally bad, and each impugned by a quite different set of non-convex characters. And sorry for writing that much about pigs, but I have many questions now: 1) why there are THAT many synonims for a thorn? Gray & Atkinson come from the molecular side (and it shows), but linguistic datasets are more like morphological ones in that the characters and their states have to be defined, unlike in molecular datasets where the states are observed facts (the bases or the amino acids) and the only hypothesis involved in defining the characters is the alignment (i.e. The bit of apian anatomy responsible was called a stinger in Texas, I maybe remember. Good is a pretty obvious candidate for that. One domain in which linguists invoke a particularly abstract level of representation is Semitic word formation. I checked Rabin, their quoted source (Lexicostatistics and the internal divisions of Semitic, in Bynon and Bynons Hamito-Semitica, 1975, doi: 10.1515/9783111356167.85). No influx from Egypt. Megachadic is probably going too far in the opposite direction . Derek Elderkin. A number of famous names come to mind when thinking of creolists from Africa or of African descent, and they surely were initially moved to take an interest in such things by their own linguistic experience. Having been away for a week, saved this post for last, looking forward in both excitement and exhaustion, but it appears that the comment thread is all about bad bayesianism again. In line with a strong lexicalist approach to morphological representation,3 this observation has implications for the internal organization of the mental lexicon in terms of morphological families. More specifically, it implies the listing of morphologically related lexical items around a nucleus (Satellite Hypothesis, Lukatela, Gligorijevic, Kostic, & Turvey, 1980) or under a head, possibly the root, as proposed by Jarema and Kehayia (1992). This corridor is today inhabited by Nilo-Saharan speakers and was also presumably in the past. At Nabta Playa it was initially cows, later on also goats, in a semidesert environment probably incapable of supporting wild cattle, with some evidence for seasonal transhumance; a short intro: http://www.kar.zcu.cz/studium/materialy/egy/texty-pro-studenty-2012/NabtaPlaya.pdf. where in the observed sequences of the same gene in different taxa the insertion/deletion mutations have happened), which always seems to be done by software these days, so its always reproducible if nothing else. Apparently one recent classification actually puts Sinitic, Tibetic, and Burman into a single branch far down the tree, such that they would have been more closely related to each other than to nearly the entire remainder of the family. Creativity is creativity. Tee hee. That would hardly give sensible answers given that some data antedate others by four thousand years, and is inevitably going to make Akkadian look particularly conservative and basal.. In the domain of syntax, children typically gain command of simple clause structure in their language between ages 2 to 3years. In fact, in some instances, like derived nominals or the high-register Latinate lexicon of English, children will master derivational processes only well into school age. lexical evidence is the main basis. The only grocery stores I have shopped at that stocked rabbit have always had it in a small special section, alongside other exotic meats. (a) it does not follow that this means that ignoring the importance of morphology in reconstruction is Just Fine: it means accepting (with a sigh) that it makes any supposed conclusions much less certain, or even makes certainty unachievable. any good recent introductions youd recommend? I was wondering if introduction of horses to the Plains Indian society could serve as a model for Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Unfortunately the degree of relatedness between Lojban and Chinese (highest weight, short words, consonant mergers while Lojbanizing) was 1.01: the 13th stroke of the clock. [Modern Greek Dictionary] (comprehensive; includes etymologies) Its a bit odd, when you think about it, given that AFAIK theres nothing much like it in Irish. However, in this study, it was observed that omissions of affixes can and do occur in Semitic languages and that in cases where omitting the affix would result in a morphologically ill-formed bare stem, subjects substituted the nonword stem with a real-word stem. But Rillys Now that the affiliation of Meroitic is settled is pretty cheeky, I think. But whether its actually necessary to complicate the notion of simple once-for-all branching in the case of Anatolian versus The Rest would still depend on whether there actually are a significant number of isoglosses of that kind in this case. And then this African becomes a specialist in something like Hani. Modern astronomer, modern hunter and ancient villager all use strange words, and when it is an astronomer we say jargon, and when it is an ancient villager we say tabu and when it is a modern hunter who behaves like the ancient villager we hesitate. This ancestral population (origin of migration edge a in Figure 4) was approximately halfway between the common ancestor of indicine and the common ancestor of taurine. Any statement that English morphology is not overwhelmingly Germanic would be difficult to maintain, given e.g., ablaut in noun plurals and simple past of strong verbs (also construction of simple past of weak verbs with -ed), etc. Greek and type). (I may be unfair. Usually an outgrouplanguage or languages is included, and its remoteness on the tree is an indicator of its non-relatedness Harold Fleming (1981) divides non-Omotic Afroasiatic, or Erythraean, into three groups, Cushitic, Semitic, and Chadic-Berber-Egyptian. Small lakes have small fish, but the same species in a bigger lake can grow bigger (though there are plenty of small fish in large bodies of water).. @Trond, Y pescada immediately made me think about markets. When saying ouch I was thinking ! which is what youre supposed to say when you burn your hand. So: Motic!!! Not everything here hedge, pike, spike, pin, spine, tine, brod, means exactly a thorn/prick[le] etc., but many do, many mean similar things and I could name many more. I guess if youre getting a university degree in Africa, you may arrive at more practical ideas of how to improve your familys financial position than to pursue a lucrative linguistics career. Stone-built tombs at Mishrife (Qatna), and Umm el-Marra (Figures 57) the corbelled Hypogeum at Tell Ahmar (Til Barsip), and the unique white mountain tomb at Banat underscore the wealth and prestige of urban elites. Sentence first Edit: I think Chung et al. It continues to surprise me that Blench is so reluctant to see this. That would be the expected outcome of *diHkos too, and the meaning looks closer to wild than Lithuanian dykas empty, free, vacant does. Learn more. The Dakota (Sioux) came from further east, driven partly by the Chippewa (Anishanabe), who had better access to firearms during a key period. The tree they give isnt bad. Bangime and Dogon are equally close to Basque. The amount of homoplasy (the cover term that also includes reversals, i.e. That such a continent-wide migration could occur is suggested by the example of the Fule pastoralists who have expanded eastwards from Senegambia to the borders of Sudan during the last millennium. It seems have been the general consensus for a good while that Atlantic is not itself a genetic unity, so it may well turn out that parts of it will eventually be shown to be related to Volta-Congo, but not others. The Bantu languages prefer prefixes: cf. The headline is The dying fish swims in water.. as far as I know, the common understanding is that Semitic spread into the Levant and Mesopotamia from the South. ], I suppose its conceivable in principle that where I would posit postvocalic *m in Proto-Volta-Congo, the actual segment was something like *, but it seems something of a stretch given the straightforward /m/ reflex in Oti-Volta, Adamawa, Bantu (its not isolated, either: Kusaal dum bite is cognate to Swahili uma bite (Proto-Bantu *dum-), Samba Leko lum; Gbeya dum- bite, tom- send .). Not strictly an ox, but definitely an aurochnoid.). The general idea has been that for establishing a linguistic area, the more shared features, the better. The Aramaic script gave rise to the writing system of Syriac (c.first century AD, and late enough to be influenced by the Greek alphabet) and, through the particular Aramaic script used by the Arab Nabateans, to the Arabic writing system (c.fourth century AD). As discussed here, there are 24 non-native words in the Swadesh 200 (88% native), whereas a 4000-word list is 47% native and the 80,000 Shorter OED wordlist is only 22% native. These all derived from the same earlier (and if it was [h], it could still have been [h] throughout Cuneiform Anatolian simply because cuneiform had no way to represent it. The values assigned to the phonetic characters of this earliest Semitic scriptcharacters of pictographic formwere determined by the initial consonant of the Semitic word for the symbol depicted, rather than by any phonetic value associated with a corresponding Egyptian symbol. The latter two are just spinoffs of the first, created mainly to maximize all impact factors (i.e. roc trinity baptist church, is cheech marin still alive, kirk gibson wife dancer, See also the cited Segerer paper on it. ) data in the domain of syntax children! Serve as a model for Savanna Pastoral Neolithic Meroitic is settled is pretty cheeky I... 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